Branches of chemistry
1. Physical Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of chemistry that
deals with laws and theories to understand the structure and changes of the matter is called Physical Chemistry.
Example 1: Dissolving sugar in water.
Example 2: Melting an ice cube.
2. Organic Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with substances containing carbon is called Organic Chemistry. However,
some carbon compounds such as CO2, CO,
Carbonates and bicarbonates are studied in Inorganic Chemistry.
Example 1: Carbon and Hydrogen produce methane
gas.
Example 2: Vinegar and critic acid are
carboxylic acids.
3. Inorganic Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with elements and their compounds except organic compounds are called
Inorganic Chemistry.
Example 1: Hydrogen and Oxygen produce water.
Example 2: Sodium and Chlorine ions
produce salt.
4. Biochemistry
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with physical and chemical changes that occur in living organisms are
called Biochemistry.
Example 1: Starch is digested to glucose.
Example 2: Stomata helps plants to breathe
in.
5. Industrial Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with the methods and use of technology in the large-scale production of
useful substances are called industrial chemistry.
Example 1: Making of urea by using gases.
Example 2: Making of caustic soda which
uses in the textile industry.
6. Nuclear Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with the changes that occur in atomic nuclear are called nuclear chemistry.
Example 1: Carbon 14- is continuously
produced in the atmosphere where high energy neutrons from space collide with
nitrogen-14.
Example 2: Element radium decays by
emitting a-particles and is converted into another element radon.
7. Environmental Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with the chemicals and toxic substances that pollute the environment and
their adverse effects on human beings are called environmental chemistry.
Example 1: The process of deforestation is
perceptible in certain districts.
Example 2: Due to thermal expansion and
melting of glaciers the warming of the ocean surface is leading to increasing
temperature.
8. Analytical Chemistry.
Definition: The branch of Chemistry that
deals with the methods and instruments for determining the composition of the matter is called analytical chemistry.
Example 1: Checking fever by using a thermometer.
Example 2: Lactometer is used to check the specific gravity of
milk.
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